Operations are performed in PHP using operators. These operators are used on variables and values.
There are seven operators in PHP:
· Arithmetic Operators.
· Assignment Operators.
· Comparison Operators.
· Increment/Decrement Operators.
· Logical Operators.
· String Operators.
· Array Operators.
Details on operators:
1. Arithmetic Operators: They are used to perform common arithmetical operations such as addition, subtractions etc. with numeric values.
Operator
|
Name
|
Example
|
Result
|
+
|
Addition
|
$x+$y
|
Sum of $x and $y
|
-
|
Subtraction
|
$x-$y
|
Difference of $x and $y
|
*
|
Multiplication
|
$x*$y
|
Product of $x and $y
|
/
|
Division
|
$x/$y
|
Quotient of $x and $y
|
%
|
Modulus
|
$x%$y
|
Remainder of $x divided by $y
|
**
|
Exponentiation
|
$x**$y
|
Result of raising $x to the $y’th power
|
Example:
PHP Script (arithmetic.php)
<?php
//Example of arithmetic operator
$x = 20;
$y = 30;
echo $x + $y."<br/>";
echo $x-$y."<br/>";
echo $x*$y."<br/>";
echo $x/$y."<br/>";
echo $x%$y."<br/>";
echo $x**$y."<br/>";
?>
2. Assignment Operators: They are used with numeric values to write a value to a variable.
Operator
|
Name
|
Description
|
x=y
|
x=y
|
The left operands gets set to the value of the expression on the right
|
x+=y
|
x=x+y
|
Addition
|
x-=y
|
x=x-y
|
Subtraction
|
x*=y
|
x=x*y
|
Multiplication
|
x/=y
|
x=x/y
|
Division
|
x%=y
|
x=x%y
|
Modulus
|
Example:
PHP Script (assignment.php)
<?php //Example of assignment operator $x = 20; $y = 30; $x=$y; echo $x."<br/>"; $x+=$y; echo $x."<br/>"; echo $x-=$y; echo"<br/>"; echo $x*=$y; echo"<br/>"; echo $x/=$y; echo"<br/>"; echo $x%=$y; ?>
3. Comparison Operators: These operators are used to compare two values.
Operator
|
Name
|
Example
|
Result
|
==
|
Equal
|
$x==$y
|
Returns true if $x is equal to $y
|
===
|
Identical
|
$x===$y
|
Returns true if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type
|
!=
|
Not equal
|
$x!=$y
|
Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
|
<>
|
Not Equal
|
$x<>$y
|
Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
|
!==
|
Not identical
|
$x!==$y
|
Returns true if $x is not equal to $y, or they are not of the same type
|
>
|
Greater than
|
$x>$y
|
Returns true if $x is greater than $y
|
<
|
Less than
|
$x<$y
|
Returns true if $x is smaller than $y
|
>=
|
Greater than or equals to
|
$x>=$y
|
Returns true if $x is greater than or equals to $y
|
<=
|
Less then or equals to
|
$x<=$y
|
Returns true if $x is less than or equals to $y
|
Example:
PHP Script (comparison.php)
<?php //Example of comparison operator $x = 20; $y = 30; var_dump($x == $y);echo "<br/>";//returns false because values are not equal var_dump($x === $y);echo "<br/>";/*returns false because types are equal but value are not equal*/ var_dump($x != $y);echo "<br/>"; // returns true because values are not equal var_dump($x <> $y);echo "<br/>"; // returns true because values are not equal var_dump($x !== $y);echo "<br/>"; /*returns true because types are equal and values are not equal*/ var_dump($x > $y);echo "<br/>";// returns false because $x is not less than $y var_dump($x < $y);echo "<br/>";// returns true because $x is less than $y var_dump($x >= $y);echo "<br/>";// returns false because $x is less than $y var_dump($x <= $y); // returns true because $x is less than $y ?>
4. Increment/ Decrement Operators: They are used to either for increment or decrement a variable value.
Operator
|
Name
|
Description
|
++$X
|
Pre-increment
|
Increments $x by one, then returns $x
|
$X++
|
Pose-increment
|
Returns $x, then increments $x by one
|
--$X
|
Pre-decrement
|
Decrements $x by one, then returns $x
|
$X--
|
Pose-decrement
|
Returns $x, then decrements $x by one
|
Example:
PHP Script (incre-decre.php)
<?php $x = 20; echo ++$x."<br/>"; echo $x++."<br/>"; echo --$x."<br/>"; echo $x--; ?>
5. Logical Operators:Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.
Operator
|
Name
|
Example
|
Result
|
and
|
And
|
$x and $y
|
True if both $x and $y are true
|
or
|
Or
|
$x or $y
|
True if either $x or $y is true
|
xor
|
Xor
|
$x xor $y
|
True if either $x or $y is true, but not both
|
&&
|
And
|
$x&&$y
|
True if both $x and $y are true
|
||
|
Or
|
$x || $y
|
True if either $x or $y is true
|
!
|
Not
|
!$x
|
True if $x is not true
|
Example:
PHP Script (logical.php)
<?php $x = 20; $y = 30; if ($y == $x and $y==30) { echo "This Tutorial"; } echo "<br/>"; //example of or operator if ($y == $x or $y==30) { echo "Workshop Tutorial"; } echo "<br/>"; //example of xor operator if ($x==20 xor $x==$y ) { echo "Learn HTML"; } echo "<br/>"; //example of && operator if ($x==20 && $y==30 ) { echo "Learn CSS"; } echo "<br/>"; //example of || operator if ($x==20 || $x==$y ) { echo "Learn JavaScript"; } echo "<br/>"; //example of ! operator if ($x!=$y) { echo "Learn PHP"; } ?>
6. String Operator: They are specially designed for strings.
Operator
|
Name
|
Example
|
Result
|
.
|
Concatenation
|
$ft1.$ft2
|
Concatenation of $txt1 and $txt2
|
.=
|
Concatenation assignment
|
$ft1 .= $ft2
|
Appends $txt2 to $txt1
|
Example:
PHP Script (logical.php)
<?php $x = "Nirajan"; $y = "Workshop"; //Example of . operator echo $x.$y."<br/>"; //Example of .= operator echo $x.=$y; ?>
7. Array Operator: They are used to compare array in PHP.
Operators
|
Name
|
Example
|
Result
| ||
+
|
|
$x + $y
|
Union of $x and $y
| ||
==
|
|
$x == $y
|
Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs
| ||
===
|
Identity
|
$x === $y
|
Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types
| ||
!=
|
Inequality
|
$x != $y
|
Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
| ||
<>
|
Inequality
|
$x <> $y
|
Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
| ||
!==
|
Non-identity
|
$x !== $y
|
Example:
PHP Script (array.php)
<?php $x = array("H" => "HTML", "C" => "CSS"); $y = array("P" => "PHP"); //Example of array operator + print_r($x + $y);echo"<br/>"; //Example of array operator == var_dump($x == $y);echo"<br/>"; //Example of array operator === var_dump($x === $y);echo"<br/>"; //Example of array operator != var_dump($x != $y);echo"<br/>"; //Example of array operator <> var_dump($x <> $y);echo"<br/>"; //Example of array operator !== var_dump($x !== $y); ?>
